Abstract Sports journalism has become one of the most innovative market niches, and the dynamic capabilities theoretical corpus allows us to describe the processes for innovation in the business model of news companies. Methodology. Through a comparative case study, this article analyses the current situation and evolution of three media (ElDesmarque, Panenka, and 2Playbook) in six areas: value proposition, capabilities, positioning, market, revenue model, and mission. Results and discussion. The three cases have a well-defined value proposition that differentiates them from their competitors. This proposal is based on a series of operational capabilities and competitive resources that generate competitive advantages that are difficult to imitate. Conclusion. Business model innovation (BMI) through dynamic capabilities (exploration, exploitation, and reconfiguration) is a key strategy to guarantee a company’s sustainability in the sports journalism sector.

Resumen El periodismo deportivo se ha configurado en uno de los nichos de mercado más innovadores y la teoría de las capacidades dinámicas permite describir los procesos para innovar en el modelo de negocio de las empresas informativas. A través de una comparativa de estudios de caso, este artículo analiza la situación actual y la evolución de tres medios de comunicación (ElDesmarque, Panenka y 2Playbook) en seis áreas: propuesta de valor, capacidades, posicionamiento, mercado, modelo de ingresos y misión. Se observa que los tres casos disponen de una propuesta de valor bien definida y diferenciada de los competidores. Esta propuesta se sustenta sobre la existencia de una serie de capacidades y recursos competitivos que le otorgan ventajas competitivas difícilmente imitables, como el talento humano. La innovación en modelos de negocio a través de las capacidades dinámicas (exploración, explotación y reconfiguración) es un factor clave para garantizar la sostenibilidad de una empresa que opera en el sector del periodismo deportivo.

Objective: To investigate the incidence and homotypic and heterotypic continuity of psychiatric disorders between ages 6 and 11. Methods: In 2004, all live births in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, were recorded (n=4,231). Psychiatric disorders were assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). SDQ subscale scores (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, and peer relationship problems) were categorized as normal or abnormal. To examine associations between problems over time, odds ratios were computed using logistic regression. Results: Any SDQ difficulty was observed in 350 children (10.4%, 95%CI 9.4-11.5) at age 6 and 476 (14.2%, 95%CI 13.0-15.4) at age 11, with a higher prevalence among boys at both ages. Between ages 6 and 11, there was a 50 and a 45% increase in the prevalence of emotional and hyperactivity/inattention symptoms, respectively. Among those who had any SDQ difficulty at age 6, that status persisted in 81% at age 11. We found homotypic continuity of emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, and peer relationship problems. Conclusions: Our results indicate an increasing incidence of psychiatric disorders in this age group, with rates of disorders and continuity patterns similar to those observed in other studies.

Resumo A transexualidade é uma experiência identitária que emerge como resposta inevitável a uma forma de organizar a vida social e, consequentemente, o cuidado em saúde com base na produção de sujeitos. Objetivamos compreender como um contexto identitário trans mobiliza, na articulação com família e serviço de saúde, performances identitárias. Realizamos uma etnografia com entrevista semiestruturada e observação participante em um ambulatório especializado no cuidado trans-específico no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), entre dezembro de 2017 e julho de 2018. Durante o estudo, destacou-se a história de Marilda, por seu caráter emblemático ao narrar a transição de “homem homossexual” para “travesti” e, atualmente, para “mulher trans”, em uma performance identitária que almeja o reconhecimento e o pertencimento familiar, bem como o acesso à saúde, à educação e a uma profissão distante da prostituição. Sua história permite compreender que as pessoas trans constroem significados diversos para suas vivências identitárias, com elementos que podem reiterar o binarismo e a heteronormatividade. Torna-se importante reconhecer, no âmbito da família e da saúde, que diferentes performances identitárias são possíveis e que seus sentidos poderão compor o cuidado integral em saúde de cada pessoa trans.

Abstract Transsexuality is an identity experience that emerges as an inevitable response to a way of organizing social life and, consequently, health care based on the production of subjects. We aim to understand how a certain trans identity context mobilizes identity performances, in articulation with family and health service. We performed an ethnography with a semi-structured interview and participant observation in a health service specialized in trans-specific care in the Brazilian National Health System (SUS), between December 2017 and July 2018. The story of Marilda was highlighted for being emblematic when narrating the transition from “homosexual man” to “transvestite” and, currently, to “trans woman,” in an identity performance that aims for family recognition and belonging, access to health, education, and a profession other than prostitution. Her story allows us to understand that trans people construct different meanings for their identity experiences, with elements that can reiterate binarism and heteronormativity. It is important to recognize, within the family and health context, that different identity performances are possible and that their senses may compose the integral health care of each trans person.

Resumo A transexualidade é uma experiência identitária que emerge como resposta inevitável a uma forma de organizar a vida social e, consequentemente, o cuidado em saúde com base na produção de sujeitos. Objetivamos compreender como um contexto identitário trans mobiliza, na articulação com família e serviço de saúde, performances identitárias. Realizamos uma etnografia com entrevista semiestruturada e observação participante em um ambulatório especializado no cuidado trans-específico no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), entre dezembro de 2017 e julho de 2018. Durante o estudo, destacou-se a história de Marilda, por seu caráter emblemático ao narrar a transição de “homem homossexual” para “travesti” e, atualmente, para “mulher trans”, em uma performance identitária que almeja o reconhecimento e o pertencimento familiar, bem como o acesso à saúde, à educação e a uma profissão distante da prostituição. Sua história permite compreender que as pessoas trans constroem significados diversos para suas vivências identitárias, com elementos que podem reiterar o binarismo e a heteronormatividade. Torna-se importante reconhecer, no âmbito da família e da saúde, que diferentes performances identitárias são possíveis e que seus sentidos poderão compor o cuidado integral em saúde de cada pessoa trans.

Abstract Transsexuality is an identity experience that emerges as an inevitable response to a way of organizing social life and, consequently, health care based on the production of subjects. We aim to understand how a certain trans identity context mobilizes identity performances, in articulation with family and health service. We performed an ethnography with a semi-structured interview and participant observation in a health service specialized in trans-specific care in the Brazilian National Health System (SUS), between December 2017 and July 2018. The story of Marilda was highlighted for being emblematic when narrating the transition from “homosexual man” to “transvestite” and, currently, to “trans woman,” in an identity performance that aims for family recognition and belonging, access to health, education, and a profession other than prostitution. Her story allows us to understand that trans people construct different meanings for their identity experiences, with elements that can reiterate binarism and heteronormativity. It is important to recognize, within the family and health context, that different identity performances are possible and that their senses may compose the integral health care of each trans person.

Abstract Objective: To describe the influence of the food industry in health research, observing how funding influences health outcomes and the quality of the studies. Method: We performed a systematic review in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library Plus and Scopus using the MESH “Food Industry”, “Food-Processing Industry”, “Biomedical Research”, “Research Support as Topic”, and the keywords “Industry Sponsorship” and “Funding Source”. The quality was assessed using the PRISMA guidelines. Results: We revised 1,506 articles and 10 were included; two reviewed the relationship between funding-outcomes and quality-outcomes; six focused on the funding-outcomes relationship; and the other two focused on methodological quality. Six showed that funding from the food industry resulted in more favourable outcomes for their products. No differences in quality were found in relation to the funding source, but those which did not declare their funding had a worse quality. Conclusion: Studies funded by the food industry showed favourable results for their products. However, this fact did not affect the quality of the studies.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir la influencia de las corporaciones alimentarias en los resultados de la investigación en salud. Método: Revisión sistemática en MedLine, Cochrane Library Plus y Scopus usando los MESH “Food Industry”, “Food-Processing Industry”, “Biomedical Research” y “Research Support as Topic”, y las palabras clave “Industry Sponsorship” y “Funding Source”. La calidad fue evaluada mediante las directrices PRISMA. Resultados: Se revisaron 1506 artículos y se incluyeron 10, de los cuales dos analizaban la relación entre financiación y calidad respecto a resultados; seis, la relación entre financiación y resultados; y dos, la calidad metodológica. Seis mostraron efectos favorables a los productos de las industrias financiadoras. En cuanto a la calidad, no se observaron diferencias según la financiación, pero sí una peor calidad en aquellas que no la declaraban. Conclusión: La financiación por parte de la industria alimentaria de investigaciones en salud se asocia a resultados favorables a sus productos, aunque no afecta a la calidad de los estudios.

Abstract Objective: To describe the influence of the food industry in health research, observing how funding influences health outcomes and the quality of the studies. Method: We performed a systematic review in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library Plus and Scopus using the MESH “Food Industry”, “Food-Processing Industry”, “Biomedical Research”, “Research Support as Topic”, and the keywords “Industry Sponsorship” and “Funding Source”. The quality was assessed using the PRISMA guidelines. Results: We revised 1,506 articles and 10 were included; two reviewed the relationship between funding-outcomes and quality-outcomes; six focused on the funding-outcomes relationship; and the other two focused on methodological quality. Six showed that funding from the food industry resulted in more favourable outcomes for their products. No differences in quality were found in relation to the funding source, but those which did not declare their funding had a worse quality. Conclusion: Studies funded by the food industry showed favourable results for their products. However, this fact did not affect the quality of the studies.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir la influencia de las corporaciones alimentarias en los resultados de la investigación en salud. Método: Revisión sistemática en MedLine, Cochrane Library Plus y Scopus usando los MESH “Food Industry”, “Food-Processing Industry”, “Biomedical Research” y “Research Support as Topic”, y las palabras clave “Industry Sponsorship” y “Funding Source”. La calidad fue evaluada mediante las directrices PRISMA. Resultados: Se revisaron 1506 artículos y se incluyeron 10, de los cuales dos analizaban la relación entre financiación y calidad respecto a resultados; seis, la relación entre financiación y resultados; y dos, la calidad metodológica. Seis mostraron efectos favorables a los productos de las industrias financiadoras. En cuanto a la calidad, no se observaron diferencias según la financiación, pero sí una peor calidad en aquellas que no la declaraban. Conclusión: La financiación por parte de la industria alimentaria de investigaciones en salud se asocia a resultados favorables a sus productos, aunque no afecta a la calidad de los estudios.

OBJETIVO: Estimar os fatores socioeconômicos e sociodemográficos associados ao consumo diário de cinco porções de frutas e hortaliças por idosos residentes em áreas de baixa renda, identificando as principais frutas e hortaliças que compõem a dieta desta população. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com 2.066 idosos (>60 anos) de baixa renda residentes na cidade de São Paulo, SP, em 2003-2005. Para a avaliação do consumo de frutas e hortaliças foi aplicado questionário de freqüência alimentar. As respostas foram transformadas em consumo diário e comparadas às recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde (consumo de cinco ou mais porções diárias). A relação entre consumo recomendado de frutas e hortaliças e variáveis socioeconômicas foi avaliada mediante modelos de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Dos participantes, 60,5% eram mulheres e 39,5% homens. Cerca de um terço dos idosos (n=723; 35,0%) não consumia diariamente nenhum tipo de fruta ou hortaliça e 19,8% relataram consumo diário de cinco ou mais porções de frutas e hortaliças. Este consumo esteve positivamente associado à renda e à escolaridade. CONCLUSÕES: O consumo de frutas e hortaliças de idosos de baixa renda do município de São Paulo mostrou-se insuficiente em relação às recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde e está associado a condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors associated with the daily intake of five servings of fruit and vegetables by elderly individuals living in low income areas, identifying the main fruits and vegetables which compose the diet of this population. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional population-based study with 2,066 low income elderly individuals (>60 years) living in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, in 2003-2005. To assess the fruit and vegetable intake a Food Frequency Questionnaire was administered. The answers were transformed into daily intake and compared with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (five or more servings per day). The relationship between recommended fruit and vegetable intake and socioeconomic variables was analyzed using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of the participants, 60.5% were women and 39.5% were men. Approximately one third of the elders (n=723; 35.0%) did not consume any kind of fruit or vegetable on a daily basis and 19.8% reported a daily intake of five or more servings of fruits and vegetables. This intake was positively associated with income and years of schooling. CONCLUSIONS: The fruit and vegetable intake of low income elderly individuals in the city of São Paulo was insufficient according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization and is associated with unfavorable socioeconomic conditions.

OBJETIVO: Estimar los factores socioeconómicos y sociodemográficos asociados al consumo diário de cinco porciones de frutas y hortalizas por ancianos residentes en áreas de baja renta, identificando las principales frutas y hortalizas que componen la dieta de esta población. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal de base poblacional con 2.066 ancianos (>60 años) de baja renta residentes en la ciudad de São Paulo, Sureste de Brasil, en 2003-2005. Para la evaluación del consumo de frutas y hortalizas fue aplicado cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria. Las respuestas fueron transformadas en consumo diário y comparadas con las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (consumo de cinco o más porciones diárias). La relación entre consumo recomendado de frutas y hortalizas y variables socioeconómicas fue evaluada mediante modelos de regresión logística. RESULTADOS: De los participantes, 60,5% eran mujeres y 39,5% hombres. Cerca de un tercio de los ancianos (n=723; 35,0%) no consumia diariamente ningún tipo de fruta u hortaliza y 19,8% relataron consumo diário de cinco o más porciones de frutas y hortalizas. Este consumo estuvo positivamente asociado con la renta y la escolaridad. CONCLUSIONES: El consumo de frutas y hortalizas de ancianos de baja renta del município de São Paulo se mostró insuficiente con relación a las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y está asociado a condiciones socioeconómicas desfavorables.

OBJETIVO: Estimar os fatores socioeconômicos e sociodemográficos associados ao consumo diário de cinco porções de frutas e hortaliças por idosos residentes em áreas de baixa renda, identificando as principais frutas e hortaliças que compõem a dieta desta população. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de base populacional com 2.066 idosos (>60 anos) de baixa renda residentes na cidade de São Paulo, SP, em 2003-2005. Para a avaliação do consumo de frutas e hortaliças foi aplicado questionário de freqüência alimentar. As respostas foram transformadas em consumo diário e comparadas às recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde (consumo de cinco ou mais porções diárias). A relação entre consumo recomendado de frutas e hortaliças e variáveis socioeconômicas foi avaliada mediante modelos de regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Dos participantes, 60,5% eram mulheres e 39,5% homens. Cerca de um terço dos idosos (n=723; 35,0%) não consumia diariamente nenhum tipo de fruta ou hortaliça e 19,8% relataram consumo diário de cinco ou mais porções de frutas e hortaliças. Este consumo esteve positivamente associado à renda e à escolaridade. CONCLUSÕES: O consumo de frutas e hortaliças de idosos de baixa renda do município de São Paulo mostrou-se insuficiente em relação às recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde e está associado a condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the socioeconomic and sociodemographic factors associated with the daily intake of five servings of fruit and vegetables by elderly individuals living in low income areas, identifying the main fruits and vegetables which compose the diet of this population. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional population-based study with 2,066 low income elderly individuals (>60 years) living in the city of São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, in 2003-2005. To assess the fruit and vegetable intake a Food Frequency Questionnaire was administered. The answers were transformed into daily intake and compared with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (five or more servings per day). The relationship between recommended fruit and vegetable intake and socioeconomic variables was analyzed using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Of the participants, 60.5% were women and 39.5% were men. Approximately one third of the elders (n=723; 35.0%) did not consume any kind of fruit or vegetable on a daily basis and 19.8% reported a daily intake of five or more servings of fruits and vegetables. This intake was positively associated with income and years of schooling. CONCLUSIONS: The fruit and vegetable intake of low income elderly individuals in the city of São Paulo was insufficient according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization and is associated with unfavorable socioeconomic conditions.

OBJETIVO: Estimar los factores socioeconómicos y sociodemográficos asociados al consumo diário de cinco porciones de frutas y hortalizas por ancianos residentes en áreas de baja renta, identificando las principales frutas y hortalizas que componen la dieta de esta población. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal de base poblacional con 2.066 ancianos (>60 años) de baja renta residentes en la ciudad de São Paulo, Sureste de Brasil, en 2003-2005. Para la evaluación del consumo de frutas y hortalizas fue aplicado cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria. Las respuestas fueron transformadas en consumo diário y comparadas con las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (consumo de cinco o más porciones diárias). La relación entre consumo recomendado de frutas y hortalizas y variables socioeconómicas fue evaluada mediante modelos de regresión logística. RESULTADOS: De los participantes, 60,5% eran mujeres y 39,5% hombres. Cerca de un tercio de los ancianos (n=723; 35,0%) no consumia diariamente ningún tipo de fruta u hortaliza y 19,8% relataron consumo diário de cinco o más porciones de frutas y hortalizas. Este consumo estuvo positivamente asociado con la renta y la escolaridad. CONCLUSIONES: El consumo de frutas y hortalizas de ancianos de baja renta del município de São Paulo se mostró insuficiente con relación a las recomendaciones de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y está asociado a condiciones socioeconómicas desfavorables.

The methodological design, characteristics and fieldwork stage of a multilevel research study on the impact of the environmental characteristics on mental health in an autochthonous and immigrant population are described in this paper. Individual data were obtained using a core questionnaire 40 minutes length from home interviews of Spanish and Ecuadorian adults from September 2006 to January 2007. A random sample of 1186 people aged 18-55, with equal distribution of gender and nationality was obtained from Civil Registers of 33 areas (municipalities or neighbourhoods) of Madrid, Alicante, Almeria and Murcia, chosen by ethnic density and socioeconomic criteria. Previously, a pilot study was carried out. Socioeconomic indicators of neighbourhoods and selected communities were obtained from Municipal Registers and other secondary sources. Finally, 1144 people were interviewed (96%). Each person was contacted at home at two different times. The global response rate was 61%, higher among Ecuadorians (69%), who presented more problems of localisation (34%). Analyzing methods and fieldwork process the conclusion is that sample strategies for this type of population studies should be evaluated using feasibility criteria given time and money constraints, against the need to obtain representative samples of the target populations. There were serious shortcomings in the availability of social integration indicators at the neighbourhood level.

Se realizó una investigación multinivel sobre el impacto de las características ambientales de la zona de residencia en la salud mental de población autóctona e inmigrante. El objetivo de este artículo es describir el planteamiento metodológico de la investigación, el trabajo de campo, las tasas de respuesta correspondientes y discutir el diseño metodológico y las dificultades derivadas de su puesta en práctica. Los datos individuales se obtuvieron aplicando un cuestionario estructurado de aproximadamente 40 minutos, mediante entrevista domiciliaria a personas españolas y ecuatorianas de 18 a 55 años. El trabajo se realizó de septiembre de 2006 a enero de 2007 en una muestra estimada de 1.186 personas equiparada por sexo y nacionalidad, obtenida aleatoriamente de los Padrones Municipales de 33 áreas (municipios o barrios) de Madrid, Alicante, Almería y Murcia, seleccionadas según criterios de densidad étnica y socioeconómicos. Previamente se realizó un estudio piloto (n=113) Los indicadores sociodemográficos de las áreas se obtuvieron a partir de fuentes secundarias. Se entrevistó a 1.144 personas (96%). La tasa de respuesta global fue del 61%, superior entre ecuatorianos (69%), colectivo que presentó más problemas de localización (34%). Las negativas a colaborar fueron más altas entre españoles (21%). Se concluye que en este tipo de estudios sería conveniente revisar las estrategias de muestreo para combinar criterios de eficiencia con la necesidad de obtener una muestra representativa de la población diana. Se constata la dificultad de obtener datos inframunicipales de integración social.

The methodological design, characteristics and fieldwork stage of a multilevel research study on the impact of the environmental characteristics on mental health in an autochthonous and immigrant population are described in this paper. Individual data were obtained using a core questionnaire 40 minutes length from home interviews of Spanish and Ecuadorian adults from September 2006 to January 2007. A random sample of 1186 people aged 18-55, with equal distribution of gender and nationality was obtained from Civil Registers of 33 areas (municipalities or neighbourhoods) of Madrid, Alicante, Almeria and Murcia, chosen by ethnic density and socioeconomic criteria. Previously, a pilot study was carried out. Socioeconomic indicators of neighbourhoods and selected communities were obtained from Municipal Registers and other secondary sources. Finally, 1144 people were interviewed (96%). Each person was contacted at home at two different times. The global response rate was 61%, higher among Ecuadorians (69%), who presented more problems of localisation (34%). Analyzing methods and fieldwork process the conclusion is that sample strategies for this type of population studies should be evaluated using feasibility criteria given time and money constraints, against the need to obtain representative samples of the target populations. There were serious shortcomings in the availability of social integration indicators at the neighbourhood level.

Se realizó una investigación multinivel sobre el impacto de las características ambientales de la zona de residencia en la salud mental de población autóctona e inmigrante. El objetivo de este artículo es describir el planteamiento metodológico de la investigación, el trabajo de campo, las tasas de respuesta correspondientes y discutir el diseño metodológico y las dificultades derivadas de su puesta en práctica. Los datos individuales se obtuvieron aplicando un cuestionario estructurado de aproximadamente 40 minutos, mediante entrevista domiciliaria a personas españolas y ecuatorianas de 18 a 55 años. El trabajo se realizó de septiembre de 2006 a enero de 2007 en una muestra estimada de 1.186 personas equiparada por sexo y nacionalidad, obtenida aleatoriamente de los Padrones Municipales de 33 áreas (municipios o barrios) de Madrid, Alicante, Almería y Murcia, seleccionadas según criterios de densidad étnica y socioeconómicos. Previamente se realizó un estudio piloto (n=113) Los indicadores sociodemográficos de las áreas se obtuvieron a partir de fuentes secundarias. Se entrevistó a 1.144 personas (96%). La tasa de respuesta global fue del 61%, superior entre ecuatorianos (69%), colectivo que presentó más problemas de localización (34%). Las negativas a colaborar fueron más altas entre españoles (21%). Se concluye que en este tipo de estudios sería conveniente revisar las estrategias de muestreo para combinar criterios de eficiencia con la necesidad de obtener una muestra representativa de la población diana. Se constata la dificultad de obtener datos inframunicipales de integración social.

Objectives: To evaluate the changes in voiding symptoms in female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) undergoing transvaginal sling techniques over a five-year period in the Department of Urology at the University Hospital of Albacete. Methods: Between November 2001 and December 2005 126 patients with SUI (mean age 57.09 years; 36-78) underwent transvaginal sling techniques (Sling in Fast, TVT, TOT). All patients were evaluated clinically and urodynamically. Results: Average body mass index (BMI) was 28.14 kg/m2 (SD 4.66; 95% CI: 27.32-28.96). 92 patients (73%) presented between 2-4 previous pregnancies. 99 patients (80.9%) have had birth labour between 2 and 4 times. All of them were vaginal birth labours except 12 cases (9.5%) in which caesarean section had been performed. Daytime voiding frequency after surgery was over 120 minutes in 112 patients (88.9%). Night-time voiding frequency was equal or less than twice in 110 patients (87.3%). 104 patients (82.5%) presented at least two leaking episodes per day, and 105 patients (83.3 %) needed to wear one pad per day or less during the last week before follow-up visit. The number of urinary leak episodes per day diminished in 114 patients (90.5 %) with a mean decrease of 9.65 episodes ( 95 % CI : 8.56-10.79 ) (p <0 . 0001 ) . Ninety-four patients (76.4 % ) were completely dry . Conclusions : Development of new surgical techniques for the treatment of SUI have improved results and diminished the number of complications , an expression of which is the favourable evolution of voiding changes after surgery.

Objetivo: Evaluar los cambios en la sintomatología miccional de las pacientes con incontinencia urinaria de esfuerzo (IUE), intervenidas con técnicas de cabestrillo transvaginal, durante un periodo de cinco años en el Servicio de Urología del Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete (CHUA). Método: Entre noviembre de 2001 y diciembre de 2005, se han intervenido en nuestro centro a 126 pacientes (36-78; media 57,09 años) afectas de IUE, mediante técnicas de cabestrillo transvaginal (Técnicas de Sling In Fast, TVT y TOT). Todas las pacientes fueron evaluadas mediante clínica y urodinamia. Resultados: El índice de masa corporal (IMC) medio fue de 28,14 Kg/m2 (DE: 4,66; IC 95%: 27,32-28,96). 92 pacientes (73%) presentaban entre 2 y 4 embarazos. 99 pacientes (80,9%) presentaban entre 2 y 4 partos. Todos los partos fueron vaginales a excepción de 12 casos (9,5%) en que se practicó cesárea. Tras la cirugía la frecuencia miccional diurna fue superior a 120 minutos en 112 pacientes (88,9%), con respecto a la nocturna 110 pacientes (87,3%), se levantaban por la noche a orinar menos de 2 veces. 104 pacientes (82,5%) presentaban menos de 2 episodios de escape a día y 105 pacientes (83,3%) necesitaban como mucho usar una compresa al día durante la última semana tras la cirugía. Disminuyó en número de escapes al día tras la cirugía en 114 pacientes (90,5%), con una disminución media de 9,65 escapes (IC: 95%; 8,56-10,79) (p<0,0001). 94 pacientes (76,4%) estaban totalmente secas. Conclusiones: El desarrollo de nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas para el tratamiento de la IUE, ha favorecido los resultados y ha disminuido el número de complicaciones, manifestándose en la evolución favorable de los cambios miccionales tras la cirugía.

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil de saúde cardiovascular de uma população adulta da região metropolitana de São Paulo, segundo critérios da Sociedade Européia de Cardiologia (SEC). MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 200 indivíduos, homens e mulheres, voluntários, participantes do projeto "Avaliação Cardiológica" de um ambulatório geral. Foram coletadas informações sobre nível socioeconômico, tabagismo, consumo de álcool, medidas antropométricas, dieta, atividade física, lipídeos séricos, glicemia e pressão arterial. A ingestão média de colesterol dietético e de lipídeos totais foi estimada a partir de recordatórios de 24 horas. Avaliou-se o nível de atividade física por meio da aplicação do Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ-8) e de testes de esforço. RESULTADOS: A amostra foi composta por 61,5% de indivíduos do sexo feminino e 38,5%, do sexo masculino, com idades médias de 41,7 anos (mediana = 42,6) e 41,0 anos (mediana = 43,0). A prevalência de tabagismo (22%) e de consumo diário de álcool (14% dos homens; nenhuma mulher) foi baixa. A prevalência de sobrepeso foi de 47% (12% de obesos), além de níveis séricos elevados de colesterol total (> 190 mg/dl) em 56% dos indivíduos e de LDL-colesterol (> 115 mg/dl) em 61% dos participantes. Os resultados da aplicação do IPAQ-8 mostraram 6% de sedentários. CONCLUSÃO: A população de estudo apresentou maior risco de doenças cardiovasculares, segundo critérios da SEC, especialmente devido à elevada prevalência de indivíduos com sobrepeso e hipercolesterolemia.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the cardiovascular health profile of an adult population from the metropolitan region of São Paulo, according to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) criteria. METHODS: Two hundred volunteers of both sexes enrolled in the "Cardiac Evaluation" project of a general outpatient clinic were studied. Data collected included socioeconomic status, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, anthropometric measurements, diet, physical activity, serum lipids, blood glucose and blood pressure. Average intake of dietary cholesterol and total lipids was estimated from a 24-hour dietary recall. Physical activity level was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-8) and exercise stress tests. RESULTS: Sample population composition was 61.5% female and 38.5% male, mean age 41.7 (median = 42.6) and 41.0 (median = 43.0%). Prevalence of smoking (22%) and daily alcohol consumption (14% males; no females) was low. The overweight prevalence was 47% (12% being obese), in addition to high levels of serum total cholesterol (> 190 mg/dl) in 56% and LDL-cholesterol (> 115 mg/dl) in 61%. The IPAQ-8 results showed that 6% were sedentary. CONCLUSION: The study population showed greater risk of cardiovascular diseases, according to ESC criteria, due especially to the high prevalence of overweight and hypercholesterolemia.

Background: Pneumococcal pneumonias comprise a major health problem. This study is aimed at ascertaining the evolution of pneumococcal pneumonias in hospital settings within the Autonomous Community of Valencia throughout the 1995-2001 period. Methods: The cases of pneumococcal pneumonias were selected from the Minimum Basic Data Set. The confidence interval (95%) and ANOVA were calculated using the SPSS program, the incidence and evolution over the course of time, in addition to the interactions with the gender, age and province variables were calculated. The average length of hospital stay was also calculated. Results: The incidence for the period under study was that of 29 cases/100,000, having dropped since 1996 and stabilizing during the final years of the study. Among individuals over age 65, the incidence was that of 101/100,000, whilst among those under five years of age, it was 76/100,000. The incidence among females was 22/100,000 and 37/100,000 among males. The incidence by provinces was 31 for Valencia, 21 for Alicante and 24 for Castellón; tending to stabilize in Valencia and Alicante, while rising in Castellón. The average length of stay was 10.6+9 days, being 12.5 days for the 45-64 age range. Conclusions: Pneumococcal pneumonias are more frequent among either the very young or very old and affect males more, especially those over age 65. A different evolution was found in the province of Castellón. The average length of stay varies according to age, there being no significant difference between genders or age groups.

Fundamento: Las neumonías neumocóccicas son un importante problema de salud. El objetivo del estudio es conocer la evolución en la Comunidad Valenciana de las neumonías neumocóccicas hospitalarias desde 1995 a 2001. Métodos: Del Conjunto Mínimo Básico de Datos se seleccionaron los casos de neumonías neumocócica en la Comunidad Valenciana. Se calculó el intervalo de confianza (95%) y ANOVA con el programa SPSS, así como la incidencia y su evolución en el tiempo y las interacciones con las variables de sexo, edad, y provincia. Se calculó igualmente el promedio de estancia hospitalaria. Resultados: La incidencia del periodo fue de 29 casos por 100.000. Disminuye desde 1996 y se estabiliza en los últimos años del estudio. En personas mayores de 65 años la incidencia fue de 101 por 100.000, mientras que en menores de 5 años fue de 76 por 100.000. La incidencia en mujeres fue de 22 por 100.000 y de 37 por 100.000 en hombres. La incidencia por provincias fue de 31 para Valencia, 21 para Alicante y 24 para Castellón; en Valencia y Alicante tienden a estabilizarse, mientras que ascienden en Castellón. La estancia media fue de 10,6±9 días, siendo de 12,5 en el grupo de 45 a 64 años. Conclusiones: Las neumonías neumocócicas son más frecuentes en las edades extremas. Afectan más a hombres, especialmente en mayores de 65 años. Se observa una evolución diferente en la provincia de Castellón. El promedio de estancia varía según la edad, sin existir diferencias significativas entre sexo o grupo de edad.

O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver um questionário de freqüência alimentar com o intuito de investigar possíveis relações entre dieta e doenças não transmissíveis. Foram estudados 200 indivíduos adultos, atendidos no ambulatório geral de um hospital cardiológico de São Paulo, SP. A lista de 98 alimentos do questionário de freqüência alimentar foi construída a partir de recordatórios de 24 horas, estimando-se a contribuição percentual de cada alimento para o consumo de energia e de 21 nutrientes. O questionário desenvolvido representou 96,8% das calorias consumidas pela população estudada e ao menos 95% da ingestão dos nutrientes selecionados. Uma vez adaptado e validado, esse questionário poderá ser utilizado em estudos epidemiológicos em populações adultas.

The study purpose was to develop a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to investigate potential relationships between diet and non-communicable diseases. Two hundred adults were selected among attendees at the general outpatient clinic of Heart Institute of São Paulo, Brazil. A 98-food item list was created from 24-hour recalls, based on the weighted contribution of each food to energy intake and 21 nutrients. The questionnaire represented 96.8% of energy and at least 95% of the selected nutrients consumed by the study population. Once adapted and validated, this FFQ could be used in epidemiological studies in adult population.

O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver um questionário de freqüência alimentar com o intuito de investigar possíveis relações entre dieta e doenças não transmissíveis. Foram estudados 200 indivíduos adultos, atendidos no ambulatório geral de um hospital cardiológico de São Paulo, SP. A lista de 98 alimentos do questionário de freqüência alimentar foi construída a partir de recordatórios de 24 horas, estimando-se a contribuição percentual de cada alimento para o consumo de energia e de 21 nutrientes. O questionário desenvolvido representou 96,8% das calorias consumidas pela população estudada e ao menos 95% da ingestão dos nutrientes selecionados. Uma vez adaptado e validado, esse questionário poderá ser utilizado em estudos epidemiológicos em populações adultas.

The study purpose was to develop a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to investigate potential relationships between diet and non-communicable diseases. Two hundred adults were selected among attendees at the general outpatient clinic of Heart Institute of São Paulo, Brazil. A 98-food item list was created from 24-hour recalls, based on the weighted contribution of each food to energy intake and 21 nutrients. The questionnaire represented 96.8% of energy and at least 95% of the selected nutrients consumed by the study population. Once adapted and validated, this FFQ could be used in epidemiological studies in adult population.